Skills

Demonstrate an understanding that a phonogram is a written picture of a sound.

Demonstrate an understanding that a phonogram may be written with one, two, three, or four letters.

Count the number of phonograms in a word.

Count the number of sounds made by a phonogram.

Read the sound of the single-letter phonograms that say only one sound. (b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, t, v, w, z)

Read ALL the sounds, in order of frequency, of the single-letter phonograms that say more than one sound. (a, c, e, g, i, o, s, u, x, y)

Recognize and match the lowercase a-z phonograms as they appear in a variety of computer fonts.

Write the lowercase a-z phonograms.

Recognize and match the lowercase a-z phonograms in a bookface font to their handwritten forms.

Read the sounds of the multi-letter phonogram qu.

Identify QU as a multi-letter phonogram in a word.

Match lowercase and uppercase form of each letter as they appear in a variety of fonts.

Read ALL the sounds, in order of frequency, of the single-letter phonograms from the uppercase forms.

Decode CVC words that use only single-letter phonograms saying their first sounds.

Decode words with the multi-letter phonogram qu.

Blend two consonants in isolation.

Blend three consonants in isolation.

Decode words with consonant blends that use only single-letter phonograms saying their first sounds.

Decode one-syllable words that include the phonogram S saying its second sound /z/.

Decode one-syllable words beginning with an uppercase letter.

Identify the name of each letter.

Demonstrate an understanding that consonants are sounds blocked by the lips, tongue, or teeth, and that they usually cannot be sung or controlled for volume.

Demonstrate an understanding that vowels are sounds which can be sung AND can be controlled for volume, and that they are NOT blocked by the lips, tongue, or teeth.

Identify whether each sound of a single-letter phonogram is a consonant sound or a vowel sound.

Identify whether each sound of a multi-letter phonogram is a consonant sound or a vowel sound.

Identify the short vowel sounds of the six single-letter vowels.

Mark vowels that are saying their short sound with a breve.

Read the short sound of single-letter vowels marked with a breve.

Recognize that the short sounds are the most common sounds of the single-letter vowels.

Identify the second vowel sound of the six single-letter vowels as a long sound.

Mark vowels that are saying their long sound with a macron.

Read the long sound of single-letter vowels marked with a macron.

Identify the two long sounds of U.

Decode one-syllable words that follow the rule A E O U usually say their long sounds at the end of the syllable.

Decode words that follow the rule I and O may say /ī/ and /ō/ when followed by two consonants.

Decode words that follow the silent final E rule The vowel says its long sound because of the E.

Identify the reason a single-letter vowel is saying its long sound in a given word.

Identify the broad vowel sounds for A, O, and U.

Mark vowels that are saying their broad sound with two dots.

Read the broad sound of single-letter vowels marked with two dots.

Decode one-syllable words with a broad vowel sound.

Decode one-syllable words that follow the rule When a word ends with the phonogram A, it says /ä/.

Decode one-syllable words that follow the rule A may also say /ä/ after a W.

Decode one-syllable words that follow the rule A may also say /ä/ before an L.

Identify the reason a single-letter vowel is saying its broad sound in a given word.

Demonstrate an understanding that schwa is a lazy vwoel sound where the mouth does not open as far and the sound is quieter and distorted.

Demonstrate an understanding that Any vowel may say one of the schwa sounds, /ŭ/ or /ĭ/, in an unstressed syllable.

Demonstrate an understanding that Any vowel may say one of the schwa sounds, /ŭ/ or /ĭ/, in an unstressed word.

Recognize the symbol for schwa, ə.

Identify a schwa sound in a given word.

Decode one-syllable words with the schwa sound.

Decode words that follow the rule O may say /ŭ/ in a stressed syllable next to W, TH, M, N, or V.

Decode words that follow the rule AR and OR may say their schwa sound, /er/, in an unstressed syllable.

Identify if a vowel is a single-letter vowel, a multi-letter vowel, or an R-controlled vowel.

Identify whether a single-letter vowel in a given word is open or closed.

For words ending in Y, identify if the final Y is a single-vowel Y or a part of a multi-letter phonogram.

Decode words that follow the rule I and Y may say /ĭ/ or /ī/ at the end of the syllable.

Identify whether an I or Y at the end of a syllable in the middle of a word is saying its short sound or its long sound.

Decode words that follow the rule When a one-syllable word ends in a single vowel Y, it always says /ī/.

Explain how the rule English words do not end in I, U, V, or J applies to the spelling of words such as fly, cry, and my.

Decode words that follow the rule Y says /ē/ only in an unstressed syllable at the end of a multi-syllable word.

Decode words that follow the rule I may say /ē/ with a silent final E.

Decode words that follow the rule I may say /ē/ at the end of a syllable.

Decode words that follow the rule I may say /ē/ at the end of foreign words.

Decode words with a suffix added to a word that ends with single-vowel Y.

Count the number of syllables by humming the word.

Count the number of syllables by counting the number of times the mouth drops open to form a vowel sound.

Count the number of syllables in a written word by counting the number of written vowels.

Demonstrate an understanding that all syllables have one and only one vowel.

Identify the stressed syllable in the word by saying the word aloud and feeling on which syllable the chin drops open the furthest.

Demonstrate an understanding that in spoken English different syllables have different amounts of stress.

Demonstrate an understanding that a stressed syllable is said more loudly than an unstressed syllable.

Identify the unstressed syllable in words that include a schwa by communicating an understanding that schwa is an unstressed vowel.

Apply knowledge of the phonograms and spelling rules to explain why a word is spelled a certain way.

Apply the rule A E O U usually say their long sounds at the end of the syllable to divide the syllables in a word with a single-letter vowel.

Apply the rule I and O may say /ī/ and /ō/ when followed by two consonants to divide the syllables in a word with a single-letter I or O.

Demonstrate an understanding that syllables commonly divide between two consonants.

Decode words that follow the rule C always softens to /s/ when followed by E, I, or Y. Otherwise, C says /k/.

Identify the reason C is saying /k/ or /s/ in a given word.

Decode words that follow the rule G may soften to /j/ only when followed by E, I, or Y. Otherwise, G says /g/.

Identify the reason G is saying /g/ or /j/ in a given word.

Decode words that follow the rule We often double F, L, and S after a single, short or broad vowel at the end of a base word. Occasionally other letters also are doubled.

Decode words that Double the last consonant when adding a vowel suffix.

Read the sound of the multi-letter phonograms that say only one sound. (ai, ar, au, aw, ay, bu, cei, ci, ck, dge, ear, ee, er, gn, ie, igh, ir, kn, ng, oa, oi, or, oy, ph, sh, tch, ti, ui, ur, wh, wor, wr)

Decode words that include the multi-letter phonogram ___ (see above).

Explain how the rule English words do not end in I, U, V, or J applies to the phonograms OI, OY, AU, AW, UI, AI, and AY.

Decode words that follow the rule DGE is used only after a single vowel which says its short sound.

Decode words that follow the rule CK is used only after a single vowel which says its short sound.

Decode words that follow the rule TCH is used only after a single vowel which says its short or broad sound.

Read ALL the sounds, in order of frequency, of the multi-letter phonograms that say more than one sound. (augh, ch, ea, ei, eigh, es, ew, ey, gu, oe, oo, ow, ou, ough, si, th)

Decode words that include the multi-letter phonogram ___ (see above).

Decode words with phonograms that say more than one sound. Recognize the possibilities and try each of the sounds until the word makes sense.

Read ALL the sounds, in the order of frequency, of each of the 75 Basic Phonograms.

Read ALL the sounds, in the order of frequency, and state the spelling hints for the Basic Phonograms that have one.

Decode plural words ending in -S.

Decode plural words ending in -ES.

Decode plural words with an irregular spelling.

Decode past tense words with the suffix -ED.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E because English words do not end in V or U.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E because The C says /s/ and the G says /j/ because of the E.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E because Every syllable must have a written vowel.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E to keep singular words that end in the letter S from looking plural.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E to make the word look bigger.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E to make the TH says its voiced sound.

Decode words that have a Silent Final E to clarify meaning.

Decode words that have an unseen reason for a silent final E.

Explain why the silent final E is needed in a given word.

Decode words with a suffix added after a silent final E.

Decode words that dropped silent E before the suffix was added.

Decode words with an exception to the phonograms or spelling rules. Identify which parts of the word follow the rules, and identify the exception.

Decode two one-syllable words using previously taught phonograms and spelling rules, then combine the words and decode the compound word.

Decode compound words using previously taught phonograms and spelling rules.

Decode two-syllable words with short, single-letter vowels and/or previously taught multi-letter phonograms.

Decode two-syllable words that include a long sound because of the rule A E O U usually say their long sounds at the end of the syllable.

Decode two-syllable words where A and U say their broad sounds.

Decode two-syllable words with a schwa sound.

Decode two-syllable words with double consonants in the middle of the word.

Decode words with a silent L.

Decode three-syllalbe words using previously taught phonograms and spelling rules.

Decode four-syllalbe words using previously taught phonograms and spelling rules.

Decode five-syllalbe words using previously taught phonograms and spelling rules.

Recognize that an unfamiliar spelling in a word may be an advanced phonogram.

Identify ___ as an Advanced Phonogram. Demonstrate familiarity, but not necessarily mastery, of its sound(s). (aa, ae, ah, ai, aigh, au, ay, bt, cc, ce, cu, e, eau, ée, ei, eo, et, eu, eur, ge, gh, gi, gn, j, kh, ll, mb, mn, ñ, oe, oi, ot, our, pn, ps, pt, qu, rh, s, sc, sch, sci, th, ut, xi, yr, z, zz)

Decode contractions.

Identify the two words represented in a contraction.

Recognize that in speech sounds that are next to one another in a word often assimlate.

Decode words with sounds that assimilate.

Identify which sounds in a word are assimilating and describe why, using descriptions of how the individual sounds are formed in the mouth.

Demonstrate an understanding that there are shades of sounds, and that a given phoneme may be pronounced slightly differently based upon what other sounds surround it in a word.